What is dialysis?

The kidneys are vital organs that filter toxins and cleanse the blood. When something happens to make the kidneys no longer able to operate properly, the medical procedure used to take over this function is called dialysis. A dialysis machine is connected to the patient’s bloodstream and acts as an artificial kidney.

 
There are two types of dialysis:

Peritoneal Dialysis – In this procedure a patient’s abdomen is flushed with a diluted salt solution that is used to cleanse the blood. The solution is then drained from the body through a catheter. This type of dialysis can be performed at home if there is someone trained in its operation.

Hemodialysis – This is a more common type of dialysis. A patient usually goes to a dialysis center three times a week where he or she is connected to an artificial kidney that cleanses the blood.

 
What are the different types of dialysis access surgery?

One type of access surgery for hemodialysis is the construction of something called an arteriovenous (AV) fistula. This is a procedure where an artery is connected to a vein. Instead of the blood flowing through the artery to the tissue, it is directed into the vein and back to the heart. This causes the vein to expand and make access easier for the insertion of a needle for dialysis. An AV fistula is usually created in the arm.

An arteriovenous graft is another form of dialysis access, which can be used when a patient does not have satisfactory veins for an AV fistula. In this procedure, a surgeon connects an artery and a large vein in the elbow or armpit using a graft made of synthetic fabric that is woven to create a water tight tube. This tube is a loop that can be used as a dialysis access point.

For peritoneal dialysis, a long silicone-based tube is placed in the abdomen. This tube is brought through the skin in the lower abdomen.

Any of the above procedures are performed well before dialysis treatment begins in order to let the area heal.

What are the complications of dialysis access surgery?

In most cases, kidney failure requires dialysis and access surgery is necessary. Infection, bleeding, arm swelling, and tingling in the fingers can result from any of the procedures. Dialysis is a life-saving treatment, but doctors recommend preventing damage to the kidneys rather than having to deal with kidney failure.

What causes kidney failure?

People who are obese or have diabetes or high blood pressure are at risk for developing kidney problems.

How can kidney disease be prevented?

Successfully managing diabetes or high blood pressure can help. Regular exercise and a healthy diet can help in preventing problems. Eating foods with high amounts of sodium, potassium, and phosphorous can put strain on the work of the kidneys. So can use of certain prescription and over the counter medications. A simple urine test can be used to detect kidney disease in its early stages. A person who has a family member with kidney disease is at risk and should have this test regularly. It is also recommended for African Americans who are four times more at risk than Caucasians. Caught early, kidney problems can be treated to slow their progression.